INFECTION

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

• Bladder schistosomiasis is a major health problem in developing parts of the world, especially Africa and the Middle East. 

• Genitourinary tract infection is caused by the Schistosoma haematobium species. 

• The larvae are released from snails into water and penetrate human skin exposed to the infected water. 

• Adult worms deposit eggs in the bladder wall, which incites a chronic inflammatory response and fibrosis.

• RF for SCC, so look for ST mass

NEOPLASM

UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA

• Presents as an enhancing sessile or pedunculated ST mass 

BLADDER CALCULUS